Ideology

Ideology
So many concepts, so little peace. Our century has seen an overhasty end to the idea that humankind was on an irreversible pilgrimage to wisdom and benevolence. In the west, political theorists tried to fill the respite left by the death of God: all failed. Weekends inspection of our age assesses that thinking feeling
The 20th century has been dominated by conflicts among 19th-century European ideologies. Soviet fabianism, liberal democracy, Nazism and fascism were variations on themes real by 19th-century European thinkers.
For much of the 20th century, world regime was dominated by a struggle between incompatible versions of Enlightenment ideas. At its end, the ideas of the Enlightenment (which championed reason above tradition) be in retreat, as fundamentalism, ethnic nationalism, the self-assertion of non-western cultures and the failings of western societies accede Enlightenment ideologies decreasingly influential. The Bolshevik revolution of 1917-18 represented a rapture for western ideas in Russia.
The common ruling that Soviet communism owed little to Marxism is mistaken. Bolshevism was unmistakably a westernising project. Its goals were the modernisation of Russia on a western model and the establishment of a new, cosmopolitan civilisation.



It was inspired by Karl Marx - a German thinker late influenced by the French Enlightenment.
Many of the central elements of Marxs thought argon reflected in the record of the Soviet regime. Marxs hostility to peasant life, his belief that progress necessitates wholesale industrialisation, and his conviction that the natural environment exists to be exploited for human benefit were embodied in policies that take in left a terrible legacy of human and ecologic devastation. More positively, Marxs belief that nationalism was mainly a backward-looking armament led the Soviet authorities to view it with suspicion. As a result, it was kept on a tight leash until, in the mid-80s, it could no longer be controlled.
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