Medical Dis

terabyteI . IntroductionTuberculosis is or TB is an infectious distemper that usually affects the lungs . The virtually common form is ca utilise by Mycobacterium tuberculosis , a polished , rod-like bacterium comm only if called the eminence bacillus . The tubercle bacillus is very hardy , surviving when many separate bacteria spatenot . In addition to affecting the lungs , tuberculosis can affect almost all other organs of the bodyTuberculosis , which in the past called phthisis and consumption , has afflicted man for thousands of years . Evidence of the disease has been found in Egyptian mummies . Tuberculosis was once a leading cause of death in all age groups , but its severity has decreased with modify medical care and better living standardsMost persons have a natural resistance to the tubercle bacillus . Even though large numbers of persons , especially in cities , nonplus infect by the bacillus early in life , only a small percentage actually develops the diseaseThis intent to (1 ) screw the occurrence of tuberculosis and how it is being spread (2 ) be alive(predicate) of its symptoms and detection and (3 figure out its treatment and controlII . BackgroundTuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis , a slender rod and an obligate aerobe . The rods grow slowly (20-hour generation eon , sometimes form filaments and tend to grow in clumps . On the surface liquid media , their growth appears moldlike , which suggested the genus name Mycobacterium , from the Grecian mykes , meaning fungusThese bacteria are relatively resistant to average staining procedures When stained by the ZiehlNeelson or Kinyoun technique that stains the cellular telephone with carbolfuchsin dye , they cannot be decolorized with a mixture of acid and alcoholic drink and are therefore classified as acid-fast . This diagnostic reflects the unusual composition of the cell wall , which contains large amounts of lipide materials (American Thoracic Society 2000 . These lipids might also be trusty for the resistance of mycobacteria to environmental stresses , such as drying .

In fact , these bacteria can survive for weeks in desiccated sputum and are very resistant to chemical antimicrobials used as antiseptics and disinfectantsTuberculosis is a good example of the importance of the ecologic balance between host and parasite in infectious disease . Hosts are not usually aware of pathogens that absorb the body and are defeated . If defenses fail , however , hosts become very much aware of the resulting disease . Several factors whitethorn affect host resistance levels - the presence of other distemper and physiological and environmental factors such as malnutrition , overcrowding , and stressTuberculosis is most usually acquired by inhaling the tubercle bacilli reach the lungs , where they are usually phagocytized by a macrophage in the alveoli . The macrophages of a healthy individual usually destroy the bacilli . If they do not , the macrophages actually protect the bug from the chemical and immunological defenses of the body , and many of the bacilli survive and regurgitate within the macrophage (American Thoracic Society , 2000These macrophages eventually lyse , releasing an change magnitude number of pathogens . The tubercle bacilli released from dying macrophages form a lesion . A hypersensitivity reaction against...If you want to get a full essay, regularize it on our website: Orderessay

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